各种OS

Linux的发行版本可以大体分为两类，一类是商业公司维护的发行版本，一类是社区组织维护的发行版本，前者以著名的Redhat(RHEL)为代表，后者以Debian为代表。

各个发行版关系图

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AliOS

一、常用命令

二、LNMP

1. yum update
2. 安装redis

• yum search redis
  • yum info redis.x86_64
• yum install redis
• systemctl start redis.service
  • rpm -qa | grep redis
  • rpm -ql redis-6.2.7-1.0.2.al8.x86_64
• redis-cli>config get dir

3. 安装nginx

• yum search nginx
  • yum info nginx
• yum install nginx
• systemctl start nginx
• systemctl stop nginx
• systemctl status nginx

4. 安装php

• yum search php
• yum info php.x86_64
  • yum install php.x86_64
• sudo yum install -y epel-release
• sudo yum install -y https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
• sudo yum install -y yum-utils
• sudo yum-config-manager –enable remi-php74
  • 切换：sudo yum-config-manager –enable remi-php72
  • 禁用：sudo yum-config-manager –disable remi-php72
    • 本质：cat /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php72.repo
• sudo yum install -y php php-cli php-fpm php-common
• sudo yum install -y php-mysqlnd php-json php-opcache php-gd php-curl php-openssl php-pdo php-redis
• sudo systemctl start php-fpm
  • sudo systemctl stop php-fpm
• sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

5. 安装php扩展和依赖

• yum install php-pdo php-mysqlnd php-gd
• yum install php-devel
• yum install php-pecl-zip.x86_64
• systemctl restart php-fpm

6. 安装mysql

• yum -y install mysql-server –nogpgcheck
• systemctl start mysqld.service
• systemctl status mysqld.service
• cat /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log |grep password，空密码
• ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY ‘xxx’;
• CREATE USER ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘yyy’;
• GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
• flush privileges;

7. 安装redis

• yum search redis
• yum install redis
• systemctl start redis

8. 安装php-redis扩展

• cd /usr/local/src
• wget https://pecl.php.net/get/redis-6.0.2.tgz
• tar -zxvf redis-6.0.2.tgz
• cd redis-6.0.2
• phpize
  • yum install php-devel，安装成功后继续执行phpize
• ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/bin/php-config
• make && make install
• php –ini
• cd /etc/php.d/
• cp 20-gd.ini 20-redis.ini
• vim 20-redis.ini
• systemctl restart php-fpm

9. 安装应用

• 通过ftp上传xg9.9自己开服版本sdk1.zip
• 解压unzip xg9.9自己开服版本sdk1.zip
  • yum install unzip
• 配置nginx:/etc/nginx/

server{
    listen 80;
    server_name  your_domain;
    #root /path/to/thinkcmf/public;
    root /home/www/asdf/public; 

    location / {
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
	    if (!-e $request_filename){
		    rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;   break;
	    }
    }

	location /api/ {
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
         if (!-e $request_filename)
         {
            #rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?s=$1;
            rewrite ^/api/(.*)$ /api/index.php?s=$1;
         }
    }

	location ~* ^\/upload\/.+\.(html|php)$ {
		return 404;
	}

	location ~* ^\/plugins\/.+\.(html|php)$ {
		return 404;
	}

	location ~* ^\/themes\/.+\.(html|php)$ {
		return 404;
	}

    #proxy the php scripts to php-fpm
    location ~ \.php {
            include fastcgi_params;
            set $path_info "";
            set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
            if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
                    set $real_script_name $1;
                    set $path_info $2;
            }
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

        #fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
        # fastcgi_pass 如果是 sock形式，可能是下面的配置
        # fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock
    }

}

• 配置本地hosts
• 重启nginx systemctl restart nginx.service
• 浏览器访问：http://test.123.cn/，报502
  • 查看nginx错误日志：2024/07/24 10:23:28 [error] 35592#0: *10 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 123.52.10.83, server: test.abyss.cn, request: “GET / HTTP/1.1”, upstream: “fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000”, host: “test.123.cn”
  • 修改为sock方式：fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
• No input file specified或者500错误：
  • 删除public下的.user.ini
• 404错误：修改目录权限&修改数据库配置&开启pdo
  • 查看配置文件：php –ini，缺少对应的扩展则安装
  • systemctl restart php-fpm.service
• 报错：Base table or view not found: 1146 Table ‘database.table’ doesn’t exist
  • source xxx.sql
• 访问http://test.123.cn/执行安装，最后一步报错
  • 修改/app/install/data/xxx.sql，修改为view_game_ids text default ‘’ COMMENT ‘查看指定的游戏’
• 500错误：修改data目录权限

10. 正式环境：登录客户阿里云账号，创建证书，域名解析，其他都一样
11. 安装mongodb

• 安装依赖：yum install compat-openssl10.x86_64
• wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.27.tgz
• tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.27.tgz
• mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.0.27 /usr/local/mongodb
• cd /usr/local/mongodb/
• mkdir data data/db data/log
• sudo chmod 666 data/db data/log/
• touch mongodb.conf

# 数据库数据存放目录
dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data/db
# 日志文件存放目录
logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data/log/mongodb.log
# 日志追加方式
logappend=true
# 端口
port=27017
# 是否认证
auth=true
# 以守护进程方式在后台运行
fork=true
# 远程连接要指定ip，否则无法连接；0.0.0.0代表不限制ip访问
bind_ip=0.0.0.0

• sudo vi /etc/profile

export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/mongodb
export PATH=$PATH:$MONGODB_HOME/bin

• source /etc/profile
• mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/mongodb.conf
• mongo
  • use admin
  • db.createUser({ user: “abc”, pwd: “123”, roles: [“root”] })
  • db.createUser({ user: “def”, pwd: “123”, roles: [“root”] })
  • quit()
• sudo vi /etc/mongod.conf

security:
  authorization: enabled

• 重启服务，先kill进程，再启动：mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/mongodb.conf
• 登录：mongo -u abc -p 123 –authenticationDatabase admin
• db.auth(‘abc’,’123’)

12. 安装php-mongo

• cd /usr/local/src
• wget https://pecl.php.net/get/mongodb-1.19.3.tgz
• tar -zxvf mongodb-1.19.3.tgz
• cd mongodb-1.19.3
• phpize
• ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/bin/php-config
• make && make install，安装成功：Installing shared extensions: /usr/lib64/php/modules/
• ls /usr/lib64/php/modules/
• php –ini
• cd /etc/php.d/
• cp 20-redis.ini 20-mongo.ini
• vim 20-mongo.ini，加入extension=mongodb
• systemctl restart php-fpm
• php -m

13. 初始化数据和修改代码

• mongo -u abc -p 123 –authenticationDatabase admin
• use database_name
• 复制mongo.js的内容在命令行执行
• 修改mongo数据库连接

14. 香港迁移北京(手机端https链接不解析)

• 登录香港服务器
• 切换到代码目录
• 打压缩包：tar -cvf aaa.tar.gz aaa
• 下载到本地
• 登录北京服务器
• mkdir -p /home/www/
• 上传到北京服务器
• yum install nginx
• systemctl start nginx
• yum install php.x86_64
• systemctl start php-fpm
• yum install php-pdo php-mysqlnd php-gd php-devel
• yum install redis
• systemctl start redis
• yum install mysql mysql-server
• systemctl start mysqld.service
• CREATE USER ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123’;
• GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
• flush privileges;
• systemctl restart mysqld.service
• yum install unzip
• 修改代码data/conf/database.php
• 修改权限public、data
• sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

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CentOS

一、常用命令

1. 查找包：yum search package_name
2. 安装包：yum install package_name
3. 查看已安装

• yum list installed
• rpm -qa
• dnf list –installed

2. 查看已安装的特定包

• yum list installed | grep httpd
• rpm -qa | grep httpd

3. 查看包信息

• yum info package-name
• rpm -qi package-name

4. 查看包安装路径：rpm -ql package-name
5. 查看包依赖关系

• yum deplist package-name
• rpm -q –requires package-name
• dnf deplist package_name

6. 卸载

• yum remove package_name
  *yum remove package_name –nodeps
• rpm -e package_name
  • rpm -e –nodeps
• dnf remove package_name

二、LNMP

1. yum update

2. 安装nginx

• yum search nginx
• yum install nginx
• systemctl start nginx.service
• systemctl stop nginx.service
• sudo systemctl enable nginx
• ps -ef|grep nginx
• 访问：http://8.222.168.167/
  • 异常：去阿里云后台开启80端口
• 查看应用
  • yum list installed|grep nginx
  • rpm -ql nginx.x86_64

3. 安装php

• yum search php
  • yum info php.x86_64，版本太旧
• sudo yum install -y epel-release
• sudo yum install -y https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
• sudo yum install -y yum-utils
• sudo yum-config-manager –enable remi-php81
  • 切换：sudo yum-config-manager –enable remi-php72
  • 禁用：sudo yum-config-manager –disable remi-php72
    • 本质：cat /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php72.repo
• sudo yum install -y php php-cli php-fpm php-common php-mysqlnd php-json php-opcache php-gd php-curl php-openssl php-pdo php-redis
• sudo systemctl start php-fpm
• sudo systemctl stop php-fpm
• sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

4. 安装composer

• php -r “copy(‘https://getcomposer.org/installer', ‘composer-setup.php’);”
• php -r “if (hash_file(‘sha384’, ‘composer-setup.php’) === ‘dac665fdc30fdd8ec78b38b9800061b4150413ff2e3b6f88543c636f7cd84f6db9189d43a81e5503cda447da73c7e5b6’) { echo ‘Installer verified’; } else { echo ‘Installer corrupt’; unlink(‘composer-setup.php’); } echo PHP_EOL;”
• php composer-setup.php
• php -r “unlink(‘composer-setup.php’);”
• sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

5. 安装mysql

• yum search mysql
• 卸载mariadb和MySQL
  • rpm -qa|grep mariadb
    • rpm -e –nodeps mariadb-server
    • rpm -e –nodeps mariadb
    • rpm -e –nodeps mariadb-libs
  • rpm -qa|grep mysql
    • rpm -e –nodeps xxx
• 查看系统版本：cat /etc/redhat-release
• 下载yum源：wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm，详见yum源列表
  • {mysql80}-community-release-{platform}-{version-number}.noarch.rpm说明
    • {mysql80}：MySQL版本
    • {platform}：平台(系统)号，⽤来描述系统的版本
    • {version-number}：MySQL仓库配置RPM包的版本号
• 安装yum源：sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
  • 会在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下生成两个repo文件：mysql-community.repo及mysql-community-source.repo
• 查看可安装的MySQL：yum repolist enabled | grep “mysql”
  • 查看所有MySQL版本：yum repolist all | grep mysql
  • 切换MySQL版本：
    • 通过yum-config-manager命令
      • sudo yum-config-manager –disable mysql57-community
      • sudo yum-config-manager –enable mysql80-community
    • 直接修改repo文件
• 再次查看：yum repolist all | grep mysql
• vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo，修改：gpgcheck=0
• 安装MySQL：sudo yum install mysql-community-server
• 启动MySQL：sudo systemctl start mysqld.service
• 查看MySQL：sudo systemctl status mysqld.service
• 停止MySQL：sudo systemctl stop mysqld.service
• 重启MySQL：sudo systemctl restart mysqld.service
• 设置开机启动：
  • systemctl enable mysqld
  • systemctl daemon-reload
• 查看默认密码：sudo grep ‘temporary password’ /var/log/mysqld.log，临时密码：asdfasdfa
• 使用默认密码：mysql -uroot -p
• 修改默认密码：ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘dddd’;
• 查看访问权限：select User,Host from mysql.user;
• 设置远程访问：
  • CREATE USER ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘eeee’;
  • GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
  • flush privileges;

6. 安装redis

• yum install redis
• systemctl start redis.service

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Ubuntu

一、常用命令

二、MySQL安装

1. apt-get update

2. apt-get install mysql-server

3. systemctl status mysql.service

4. mysql –version

5. mysql -uroot -p

• 初始密码为空

6. 创建root远程登录用户

• CREATE USER ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘aaaa’;
• GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
  • REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM test;
• FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

7. 修改本地root用户初始密码

• ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘aaaa’;
• FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  • 不生效
  • ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘bbbb’;
  • FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

8. 查看安装位置

• dpkg -L mysql-server
• apt list –installed | grep mysql-server

9. 查看配置文件

• SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘config_file’;
• mysql –help | grep “Default options”

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Ubuntu24/22/20/18秘钥登录问题

一、问题

1. 使用Xshell8通过秘钥登录实例报错

2. 处理

   • vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config，取消注释：PubkeyAuthentication yes
     • systemctl restart ssh.service
     • 还是报错
   • sudo sshd -T | egrep “pubkey”
     • vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config，添加配置：PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes +ssh-rsa
     • systemctl restart ssh.service
     • 还是报错
   • 在腾讯云创建新秘钥，重新绑定
     • 还是报错
   • 更换其他操作系统，可以正常登录
     • cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys，记录此值
     • 再次重装为Ubuntu24
     • vim ~/.ssh/authorized_keys，将第一步的值写入此文件，保存
     • 再次登录，成功
   • 咨询客服
     • cp /home/ubuntu/.ssh/authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

   

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OpenCloudOS

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各种OS官网地址

1. AlibabaCloudOS，基于龙蜥
2. OpenCloudOS，官网
3. CentOS
4. Ubuntu
5. Debian
6. RedHat
7. FreeBSD
8. Fedora
9. Deepin
10. openSUSE
11. Arch
12. Gentoo
13. Releases