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PHP各种实战

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FTP(File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议，简称FTP)。客户端软件断点续传指的是在下载或上传时，将下载或上传任务(一个文件或一个压缩包)人为的划分为几个部分，每一个部分采用一个线程进行上传或下载，如果碰到网络故障，可以从已经上传或下载的部分开始继续上传下载未完成的部分，而没有必要从头开始上传下载。

断点上传和断点续传

一、定义

二、实现

三、参考

  1. 参考一
  2. 参考二
  3. 参考三

OAuth2.0

一、背景

      在OAuth之前，Web或移动应用要访问某些受限制的资源时，一般需要通过输入用户名/密码的形式进行验证，这种形式会带来一些已知的问题。OAuth的出现就是为了解决访问资源的安全性以及灵活性，使得第三方应用对资源的访问或者微服务间的调用更加安全和便捷。

二、实现

  1. 数据库
  2. 代码实现
  3. nginx配置
  4. 访问

三、参考

  1. 参考一
  2. 参考二

一分钟允许请求十次

一、概论

      出去面试的时候，问的最多的问题就是高并发相关的，比如针对秒杀、抢购系统，如何保证每个用户只能买一次；再比如高频应用接口，如果不加控制的话别人可以轻易的写一个脚本一直刷接口，从而导致整个服务变慢甚至是拖垮。秒杀、抢购系统方案都是成熟的，可以从产品、前端、后端等多个层面去实现，至于高频接口请求的拦截则仁者见仁智者见智了。比如要求某个接口一分钟只允许请求十次，且要考虑到请求时间的均衡性(如前59秒请求了一次，最后1秒请求了9次)等。

      BZ的方案是基于redis的hash实现(也可为别的数据类型)，总的思路就是为每个用户设置一个key，value为请求次数，同时设置ttl为一分钟。考虑到请求时间的均衡性，还需要记录下每一次请求的时间。

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uid : {"num" : 1, "modified_at" : 0}

二、实现

  1. 假设有三个用户A/B/C，用户ID分别为a/b/c
  2. 缓存预热，即分别初始化三个用户(项目中可以通过脚本设置，在此通过命令演示)
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hmset user_a num 0 modified_at 0
hmset user_b num 0 modified_at 0
hmset user_c num 0 modified_at 0

expire user_a 600
expire user_b 60
expire user_c 60
  1. handle代码
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require 'vendor/autoload.php';

$single_server = array(
    'host' => '127.0.0.1',
    'port' => 6379,
);

$redis  = new Predis\Client($single_server);

$key = 'user_a';
$bit = 60;
$exist = $redis->exists($key);
try{
    if ($exist) {
        $user = $redis->hmget('user_a', ['num', 'modified_at']);
        if ($user[0] >= 10) {
            echo "too many request";
        } else {
            $sub = time() - $user[1];
            if ($sub < $bit) {
                echo "time too short";
            } else {
                $redis->hincrby('user_a', 'num', 1);
                $redis->hset('user_a','modified_at',time());
                echo "normal";
            }
        }
    } else {
        $user = $redis->hmset('user_a', ['num' => 1, 'modified_at' => 0]);
        $expire = $redis->expire('user_a', 600);
        echo 'init success';
    }
} catch (Exception $e) {
    var_dump($e->getMessage());
}

PHP-MongoDB操作

一、环境准备

  1. 安装PHP
  2. 安装MongoDB
  3. 安装MongoDB扩展
  4. 安装composer，中文镜像

二、存储图片

  1. 下载安装驱动库
    • composer安装composer require mongodb/mongodb
      • 博主安装了多个PHP版本：/usr/local/php/7.1/bin/php /usr/local/bin/composer require mongodb/mongodb
  2. set.php，请求后会在以下两个集合中插入记录
    • fs.files
    • fs.chunks
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<?php

require './vendor/autoload.php';

$ct = new MongoDB\Client("mongodb://127.0.0.1/");
$gc = $ct->test->selectGridFSBucket();
$name = mt_rand();
$file = fopen('./a.jpg','rb');
$gr = $gc->uploadFromStream($name, $file);
print_r($gr);
  1. get.php
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<?php

require './vendor/autoload.php';

$ct = new MongoDB\Client();
$gc = $ct->test->selectGridFSBucket();
$obj = '61406e5703c06b5916587baf';//fs.files表_id，可修改为动态获取
$id = new \MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId($obj);
$str = $gc->openDownloadStream($id);
$cs = stream_get_contents($str);
header('Content-Type: image/jpeg; charset=UTF-8');
echo $cs;

三、使用PHP对MongoDB进行CURD操作(原生操作)

$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager('mongodb://localhost:27017');

  1. 增加数据
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// 方式一
$command3 = new MongoDB\Driver\Command([
    'insert'    => 'friend',
    'documents' => [
        ['First Name' => "房", 'Last Name' => '瑞娜','Age' => 27],
        ['First Name' => "刘", 'Last Name' => '玉龙','Age' => 29],
    ]
]);
$cursor = $manager->executeCommand('test', $command3);
print_r($cursor->toArray());

// 方式二
$bulkWrite = new \MongoDB\Driver\BulkWrite(['ordered'=>true]);
$dbCollectionName = 'test.friend';
$data = [
    'name'  => '杨幂',
    'actor' => '杨紫'
];
$bulkWrite->insert($data);
$cursor = $manager->executeBulkWrite($dbCollectionName,$bulkWrite);
print_r($cursor);exit;
  1. 删除数据
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// 方式一
$command0 = new MongoDB\Driver\Command([ 
    'delete'  => 'friend',
    'deletes' => [
        [   'q' => ['First Name' => '刘'],
            'limit' => 0, // 0则删除全部，1则只删除一条
        ]
    ]
]);
$cursor = $manager->executeCommand('test', $command0);
print_r($cursor->toArray());

// 方式二
$bulkWrite        = new \MongoDB\Driver\BulkWrite(['ordered'=>true]);
$writeConcern     = new \MongoDB\Driver\WriteConcern(\MongoDB\Driver\WriteConcern::MAJORITY,1000);
$dbCollectionName = 'test.friend';
$extra = array('limit'=>1);
$where = ['name'  => '杨幂'];
$bulkWrite->delete($where,$extra);
$cursor = $manager->executeBulkWrite($dbCollectionName,$bulkWrite,$writeConcern);
print_r($cursor);exit;
  1. 修改数据
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// 方式一
$cmd = [
    'update' => 'friend', // collection 表名
    'updates' => [
        [
            'q'      => ['Age'  => 29], //更新条件array
            'u'      => ['$set' => ['name' => '修改']], //要更新的内容(这个等同于update()函数的更新的内容)
            'upsert' => false, // 没有找到则插入，找到了则更新
            'multi'  => true   // true符合条件的则全部更新，默认false只更新第一条
        ],
    ],
    'ordered' => false, // 是否依次执行updates语句，true表示执行失败后继续后面的语句，false 表示一旦失败立即返回
];
$command6 = new MongoDB\Driver\Command($cmd);
$cursor = $manager->executeCommand('test', $command6);
print_r($cursor->toArray());

// 方式二
$bulkWrite        = new \MongoDB\Driver\BulkWrite(['ordered'=>true]);
$writeConcern     = new \MongoDB\Driver\WriteConcern(\MongoDB\Driver\WriteConcern::MAJORITY,1000);
$dbCollectionName = 'test.friend';
$where  = ['name'  => '杨幂'];
$update = ['name'  => '大咪咪', 'actor' => '小雪'];
$extra  = ['multi' => false, 'upsert'=>false];
$bulkWrite->update(
    $where,
    $update,
    $extra
);
$cursor = $manager->executeBulkWrite($dbCollectionName,$bulkWrite,$writeConcern);
print_r($cursor);
  1. 查询数据
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// 方式一
$command1 = new MongoDB\Driver\Command([//查出某一个
    "find"   => "friend",
    "filter" => ["name" => "羽博"]
]);
$cursor = $manager->executeCommand('test', $command1);
print_r($cursor->toArray());

// 方式二
$command2 = new MongoDB\Driver\Command([
    "distinct" => "friend",
    "key"      => "Age",
    "query"    => ["Age" => 27]
]);
$cursor = $manager->executeCommand('test', $command2);
print_r($cursor->toArray());exit;
  1. 统计
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$where = ['name'  => '修改'];
$cmd   = array(
    'count' => 'friend',
    'query' => $where
);
$command = new \MongoDB\Driver\Command($cmd);
$cursor  = $manager->executeCommand('test',$command);
print_r($cursor->toArray());
  1. 索引
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// 添加索引
$command5 = new MongoDB\Driver\Command([
    'createIndexes' => 'friend',
    'indexes'       => [
        [
            'name'   => 'email',
            'key'    => array('E-Mail' => 1),//1升序0降序
            'unique' => false,
        ]
    ],
]);
$cursor = $manager->executeCommand('test', $command5);
print_r($cursor->toArray());

// 删除索引
$command6 = new MongoDB\Driver\Command([
    'dropIndexes' => 'friend',
    'index'       => 'email',
]);
$cursor = $manager->executeCommand('test', $command6);
print_r($cursor->toArray());

四、使用PHP对MongoDB进行CURD操作(基于Composer包mongodb/mongodb操作)

  1. 安装依赖包 composer require mongodb/mongodb

五、参考

  1. 参考一
  2. 参考二
  3. 参考三

RPC示例

一、概念

      RPC是一个完整的远程调用方案，它包括了接口规范+序列化反序列化规范+通信协议等，HTTP只是一个工作在OSI第七层通信协议，HTTP+Restful规范+序列化与反序列化整体构成了一个完整的远程调用方案。

RPC

二、示例

  1. server.php
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<?php
class RpcServer
{
    private $params = [
        'host'  => '',  // ip地址，列出来的目的是为了友好看出来此变量中存储的信息
        'port'  => '', // 端口
        'path'  => '' // 服务目录
    ];

    private $config = [
        'real_path' => '',
        'max_size'  => 2048 // 最大接收数据大小
    ];

    private $server = null;

    public function __construct($params) {
        $this->check();
        $this->init($params);
    }

    private function check() {
        $this->serverPath();
    }

    private function init($params) {
        $this->params = $params;
        $this->createServer();
    }

    private function createServer() {
        $this->server = stream_socket_server("tcp://{$this->params['host']}:{$this->params['port']}", $errno, $errstr);
        if (!$this->server) exit([
            $errno, $errstr
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Description: rpc服务目录 通过客户端传值传过来
     */
    public function serverPath() {
        $path = $this->params['path'];
        $realPath = realpath(__DIR__ . $path);
        if ($realPath === false || !file_exists($realPath)) {
            exit("{$path} error!");
        }
        $this->config['real_path'] = $realPath;
    }

    public function run() {
        while (true) {
            $client = stream_socket_accept($this->server, 100000); //这里的100000设置链接的超时时间
            if ($client) {
                echo "have a new connection\n";
                $buf = fread($client, $this->config['max_size']);
                print_r('receive data:' . $buf . "\n");
                // 自定义协议目的是拿到类方法和参数(可改成自己定义的)
                $infos = $this->parseProtocol($buf);
                $this->execMethod($client, $infos["class"], $infos["method"], $infos["params"]);
                fclose($client);
                echo "close connection\n";
            }
        }
    }

    private function execMethod($client, $class, $method, $params) {
        if ($class && $method) {
            $class = ucfirst($class);
            $file = $this->params['path'] . '/' . $class . '.php';
            if (file_exists($file)) {
                require_once $file;
                $obj = new $class();
                if (!$params) {
                    $data = $obj->$method();
                } else {
                    $data = $obj->$method($params);
                }
                $data = $this->packProtocol($data);
                //把运行后的结果返回给客户端
                fwrite($client, $data);
            }
        } else {
            fwrite($client, 'class or method error');
        }
    }

    private function parseProtocol($buf) {
        $buf = json_decode($buf, true);
        return $buf;
    }

    private function packProtocol($data) {
        $data = json_encode($data, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
        return $data;
    }
}

(new RpcServer([
    'host'  => '127.0.0.1',
    'port'  => 9999,
    'path'  => './classes' #指定被调用的程序目录
]))->run();

  1. classes/test.php
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<?php
class Test {

    public function noparams() {
        return 'no params';
    }
    public function myparams($params) {
        return $params;
    }
}
  1. client.php
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<?php
/*
 * RPC测试--RPC客户端
 */

class RpcClient {

    private $urlInfo = array();

    public function __construct($url) {
        $this->urlInfo = parse_url($url);
        print_r($this->urlInfo);
    }

    public static function instance($url) {
        return new self($url);
    }

    /*
    * 关键的魔术方法
    */
    public function __call($name, $arguments) {
        // TODO: Implement __call() method.
        //创建一个客户端
        $client = stream_socket_client("tcp://{$this->urlInfo['host']}:{$this->urlInfo['port']}", $errno, $errstr);
        if (!$client) {
            exit("{$errno} : {$errstr} \n");
        }
        $data = [
            'class'  => basename($this->urlInfo['path']),
            'method' => $name,
            'params' => $arguments
        ];
        //向服务端发送我们自定义的协议数据
        fwrite($client, json_encode($data));
        //读取服务端传来的数据
        $data = fread($client, 2048);
        //关闭客户端
        fclose($client);
        return $data;
    }
}
$cli = new RpcClient('tcp://127.0.0.1:9999/test');
echo $cli->noparams()."\n";
echo $cli->myparams(array("school"=>"hahah", "grade"=>3));
  1. 运行server.php
  2. 运行client.php
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server端：
have a new connection
receive data:{"class":"test","method":"noparams","params":[]}
close connection
have a new connection
receive data:{"class":"test","method":"myparams","params":[{"school":"hahah","grade":3}]}
close connection

client端：
Array
(
    [scheme] => tcp
    [host] => 127.0.0.1
    [port] => 9999
    [path] => /test
)
"no params"
[{"school":"hahah","grade":3}]

三、参考

  1. 参考一
  2. 参考二

开发composer包

一、开干

  1. 注册github账号，配置ssh-key等，此处不再赘述
  2. 登录github，新建一个仓库，如my-first-packagist
  3. 回到本机，克隆刚新建的仓库 git clone https://github.com/liusirdotnet/my-first-packagist.git
  4. 切换到仓库目录 cd my-first-packagist
  5. 初始化composer.json文件 composer init
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$ composer init

Welcome to the Composer config generator

This command will guide you through creating your composer.json config.

// 1. 输入项目命名空间，默认【用户名/仓库名】
Package name (<vendor>/<name>) [dell/htdocs]: yourname/projectname

// 2. 项目描述
Description []: 这是一个测试

// 3. 输入作者信息，可以直接回车，默认当前git配置的信息
Author [test <123@qq.com>, n to skip]:

// 4. 输入最低稳定版本，stable, RC, beta, alpha, dev
Minimum Stability []: dev

// 5. 输入项目类型，
Package Type (e.g. library, project, metapackage, composer-plugin) []: library

// 6. 输入授权类型
License []: MIT //github建仓库时可指定，不写的话packagist会报错

> Define your dependencies.
// 7. 输入依赖信息
Would you like to define your dependencies (require) interactively [yes]?

// 7.1如果需要依赖，则输入要安装的依赖
Search for a package: php

// 7.2输入版本号，如需多个则重复7.1和7.2
Enter the version constraint to require (or leave blank to use the latest version): >=5.6

// 8. 是否需要require-dev，操作同7
Would you like to define your dev dependencies (require-dev) interactively [yes]?

{
    "name": "yourname/projectname",
    "description": "这是一个测试",
    "type": "library",
    "require": {
        "php": ">=5.6"
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "php": ">=5.6"
    },
    "license": "",
    "authors": [
        {
            "name": "test",
            "email": "test@qq.com"
        }
    ],
    "minimum-stability": "dev"
}

// 9. 是否生成composer.json
Do you confirm generation [yes]? yes
  1. 编辑composer.json文件，添加自动加载
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"autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "namespace_name\\": "src/" //自定义命名空间名称，和类文件命名空间保持一致
        }
    }
  1. 新建src/Test.php
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<?php

/**  
 * This is a test class
 * 
 * @detail null
 * @author Name <email@email.com>
 * @date 2018-06-17
 * @version v1.0
 */

namespace Liusir; // 注意命名空间与composer.json中的一致

class Test
{
    /**  
    * This is a test function
    * 
    * @access public 
    * @param string $arg1 参数一的说明 
    * @param int    $arg2 参数二的说明 
    * @param mixed  $mixed 这是一个混合类型 
    * @return array 返回类型
    * @author Name <email@email.com>
    * @date 2018-06-17
    */  
    public function testFunc()
    {
        echo 'This is a test script';
    }
}
  1. 生成vendor目录 composer install
  2. 跟src同级目录新建demo.php
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require './vendor/autoload.php';

use Liusir\Test;

$test = new Test();

$test->testFunc();
  1. 提交并推送到github
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git add .
git commit -m 'first commit'
git push

  1. 发布到packagist

    • 注册packagist
    • 点击submit
    • 将github仓库输入到输入框，Check && Submit

  2. 切换到另一个项目目录，安装刚发布的包 composer require liusirdotnet/my-first-packagist，报错

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  [InvalidArgumentException]                                                                                                                
  Could not find a matching version of package liuyulong/second-packagist. Check the package spelling, your version constraint and that th  
  e package is available in a stability which matches your minimum-stability (stable).                                                      
require [--dev] [--prefer-source] [--prefer-dist] [--no-progress] [--no-suggest] [--no-update] [--no-scripts] [--update-no-dev] [--update-with-dependencies] [--update-with-all-dependencies] [--ignore-platform-reqs] [--prefer-stable] [--prefer-lowest] [--sort-packages] [-o|--optimize-autoloader] [-a|--classmap-authoritative] [--apcu-autoloader] [--] [<packages>]...
  1. 打一个tag并推送到github
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git tag -a v1.0 -m 'first tag'
git push 
git push origin v1.0

  1. 回到github后台并进入当前仓库，点击release选项，点击Draft a new release按钮，勾选下面的This is a pre-release，最后点击Publish release按钮

  2. 切换到另一个项目目录，安装刚发布的包 composer require liusirdotnet/my-first-packagist

  3. 新建index.php

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<?php
require './vendor/autoload.php';
use RabbitMQ\RabbitMQ;

$ob = new RabbitMQ;
$ob->test();
  1. 设置更新composer包自动更新packagist【github停止此服务了】
    • 在packagist后台获取 API Token
    • 进入当前仓库，点击settings，点击add service，选择packagist，输入表单后添加add service按钮，最后点击Update service

Note: GitHub Services have been deprecated. Please contact your integrator for more information on how to migrate or replace a service with webhooks or GitHub Apps.

二、参考

  1. 如何建立自己的composer包
  2. 开发一个自己的composer包