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nginx之状态码说明

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九·一八事变，又称奉天事变、柳条湖事件。是1931年9月18日夜日本在中国东北蓄意制造并发动的一场侵华战争，是日本帝国主义侵华的开端。

一、基础

      HTTP状态码(英语：HTTP Status Code)是用以表示网页服务器超文本传输协议响应状态的3位数字代码。它由RFC 2616规范定义的，并得到RFC 2518、RFC 2817、RFC 2295、RFC 2774与RFC 4918等规范扩展。所有状态码的第一个数字代表了响应的五种状态之一。所示的消息短语是典型的，但是可以提供任何可读取的替代方案。除非另有说明，状态码是HTTP/1.1标准(RFC 7231)的一部分。HTTP状态码的官方注册表由互联网号码分配局(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)维护。

http请求

二、常见错误码

  1. 400

    • Bad Request，往往因为语法错误而无法被服务端理解

  2. 413

    • Request Entity Too Large，请求体过大，一般出现在上传大文件请求

    • 解决办法

      • 修改nginx配置文件
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      client_max_body_size 8M; ## 设置客户端请求体最大值
      • 修改php.ini
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      post_max_size = 8M       # 整个表单提交的最大限制
      upload_max_filesize = 2M # 上传单个文件的最大限制

  3. 499

    • nginx独有，表示在收到客户端完整的HTTP request前，客户端试图关闭TCP连接导致

    • 下载nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz，解压到nginx-1.16.1目录，打开nginx-1.16.1/src/http/ngx_http_request.h文件，见499定义：

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      /*
       * HTTP does not define the code for the case when a client closed
       * the connection while we are processing its request so we introduce
       * own code to log such situation when a client has closed the connection
       * before we even try to send the HTTP header to it
       */
      #define NGX_HTTP_CLIENT_CLOSED_REQUEST     499

    • 复现

      • 定义处理请求脚本index.php，直接加入sleep(10);
      • 通过curl请求 curl -m 2 http://localhost/index.php
      • 查看访问日志 tail -n 10 access.log

  4. 500

  5. 502：Bad Gateway是指错误网关，无效网关

    • 一般可通过是杀死php-fpm进程再请求web来复现

  6. 503
    Service Temporarily Unavailable，即服务暂时不可用，一般由于临时的服务器维护或者过载，服务器当前无法处理请求。

  7. 504

  8. 403

    • 由于启动用户和nginx工作用户不一致所致
    • 缺少index.html或者index.php文件
    • 权限问题，如果nginx没有web目录的操作权限
    • SELinux设置为开启状态（enabled）的原因

  9. nginx状态码定义

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#define NGX_HTTP_CONTINUE                  100
#define NGX_HTTP_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS       101
#define NGX_HTTP_PROCESSING                102

#define NGX_HTTP_OK                        200
#define NGX_HTTP_CREATED                   201
#define NGX_HTTP_ACCEPTED                  202
#define NGX_HTTP_NO_CONTENT                204
#define NGX_HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT           206

#define NGX_HTTP_SPECIAL_RESPONSE          300
#define NGX_HTTP_MOVED_PERMANENTLY         301
#define NGX_HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY         302
#define NGX_HTTP_SEE_OTHER                 303
#define NGX_HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED              304
#define NGX_HTTP_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT        307
#define NGX_HTTP_PERMANENT_REDIRECT        308

#define NGX_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST               400
#define NGX_HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED              401
#define NGX_HTTP_FORBIDDEN                 403
#define NGX_HTTP_NOT_FOUND                 404
#define NGX_HTTP_NOT_ALLOWED               405
#define NGX_HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT          408
#define NGX_HTTP_CONFLICT                  409
#define NGX_HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED           411
#define NGX_HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED       412
#define NGX_HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE  413
#define NGX_HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE     414
#define NGX_HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE    415
#define NGX_HTTP_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE     416
#define NGX_HTTP_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST       421
#define NGX_HTTP_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS         429


/* Our own HTTP codes */

/* The special code to close connection without any response */
#define NGX_HTTP_CLOSE                     444

#define NGX_HTTP_NGINX_CODES               494

#define NGX_HTTP_REQUEST_HEADER_TOO_LARGE  494

#define NGX_HTTPS_CERT_ERROR               495
#define NGX_HTTPS_NO_CERT                  496

/*
 * We use the special code for the plain HTTP requests that are sent to
 * HTTPS port to distinguish it from 4XX in an error page redirection
 */
#define NGX_HTTP_TO_HTTPS                  497

/* 498 is the canceled code for the requests with invalid host name */

/*
 * HTTP does not define the code for the case when a client closed
 * the connection while we are processing its request so we introduce
 * own code to log such situation when a client has closed the connection
 * before we even try to send the HTTP header to it
 */
#define NGX_HTTP_CLIENT_CLOSED_REQUEST     499


#define NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR     500
#define NGX_HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED           501
#define NGX_HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY               502
#define NGX_HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE       503
#define NGX_HTTP_GATEWAY_TIME_OUT          504
#define NGX_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED     505
#define NGX_HTTP_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE      507

三、参考

  1. 参考一
  2. 参考二